Solution of an unstable axisymmetric Cauchy–Poisson problem of dispersive water waves for a spectrum with compact support     

T.S. Jang  S.H. Kwon  B.J. Kim 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(5-6):676-684

 It has been known that the axisymmetric Cauchy–Poisson problem for dispersive water waves is well posed in the sense of stability. Thereby time evolution solutions of wave propagation depend continuously on initial conditions. However, in this paper, it is demonstrated that the axisymmetric Cauchy–Poisson problem is ill posed in the sense of stability for a certain class of initial conditions, so that the propagating solutions do not depend continuously on the initial conditions. In order to overcome the difficulty of the discontinuity, Landweber–Fridman's regularization, famous and well known in applied mathematics, are introduced and investigated to learn whether it is applicable to the present axisymmetric wave propagation problem. From the numerical experiments, it is shown that stable and accurate solutions are realized by the regularization, so that it can be applicable to the determination of the ill-posed Cauchy–Poisson problem.  相似文献   

Changes in hydrogeological properties of the River Choushui alluvial fan aquifer due to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan     

Cheng-Shin Jang  Chen-Wuing Liu  Yeeping Chia  Li-Hsin Cheng  You-Ching Chen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(2):389-397

Changes in hydrogeological properties of the River Choushui alluvial fan aquifer before and after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, have been identified using pumping tests. Three wells, SH2, YL2 and SC2, located in a compressional zone with high coseismic groundwater levels, were tested. The threshold of the aquifer deformation with respect to transmissivity (T) is greater than that with respect to storage coefficient (S). Decreases in the post-earthquake S are approximately 60% at SH2 and SC2, indicating aquifer compression after the Chi-Chi earthquake. Changes in the post-earthquake T range from 61% increase to 0.8% decrease. Moreover, results from anisotropy analysis of T at SC2 further illustrate that normal stresses induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake have consolidated soil particles. Soil particles dilated laterally after the earthquake, resulting in an increase of the equivalent T. The changes in hydrogeological properties have a considerable influence on spatiotemporal fluid pressure and horizontal groundwater movement, resulting in different amounts of drawdown during post-earthquake pumping.  相似文献   

Unstable Climate Oscillations during the Late Holocene in the Eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula     

Boo-Keun Khim  Ho Il Yoon  Cheon Yun Kang  Jang Jun Bahk 《Quaternary Research》2002,58(3):234

Core A9-EB2 from the eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, consists of pelagic (diatom ooze-clay couplets and bioturbated diatom ooze) and hemipelagic (bioturbated mud) sediments interbedded with turbidites (homogeneous mud and silt–clay couplets). The cyclic and laminated nature of these pelagic sediments represents alternation between the deposition of diatom-rich biogenic sediments and of terrigenous sediments. Sediment properties and geochemical data explain the contrasting lamination, with light layers being finer-grained and relatively rich in total organic carbon and biogenic silica content. Also, the high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) variations highlight distinct features: high MS values coincide with clastic-rich sections and low MS values correspond to biogenic sections. The chronology developed for core A9-EB2 accounts for anomalous ages associated with turbidites and shows a linear sedimentation rate of approximately 87 cm/10³ yr, which is supported by an accumulation rate of 80 cm/10³ yr calculated from ²¹⁰Pb activity. The late Holocene records clearly identify Neoglacial events of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and Medieval Warm Period (MWP). Other unexplained climatic events comparable in duration and amplitude to the LIA and MWP events also appear in the MS record, suggesting intrinsically unstable climatic conditions during the late Holocene in the Bransfield Basin of Antarctic Peninsula.  相似文献   

Effects of Geometries and Substructures of ICMEs on Geomagnetic Storms     

Jae-Ok Lee  Kyung-Suk Cho  Rok-Soon Kim  Soojeong Jang  Katsuhide Marubashi 《Solar physics》2018,293(9):129

To better understand geomagnetic storm generations by ICMEs, we consider the effect of substructures (magnetic cloud, MC, and sheath) and geometries (impact location of flux-rope at the Earth) of the ICMEs. We apply the toroidal magnetic flux-rope model to 59 CDAW CME–ICME pairs to identify their substructures and geometries, and select 20 MC-associated and five sheath-associated storm events. We investigate the relationship between the storm strength indicated by minimum Dst index \((\mathrm{Dst}_{\mathrm{min}})\) and solar wind conditions related to a southward magnetic field. We find that all slopes of linear regression lines for sheath-storm events are steeper (\({\geq}\,1.4\)) than those of the MC-storm events in the relationship between \(\mathrm{Dst}_{\mathrm{min}}\) and solar wind conditions, implying that the efficiency of sheath for the process of geomagnetic storm generations is higher than that of MC. These results suggest that different general solar wind conditions (sheaths have a higher density, dynamic and thermal pressures with a higher fluctuation of the parameters and higher magnetic fields than MCs) have different impact on storm generation. Regarding the geometric encounter of ICMEs, 100% (2/2) of major storms (\(\mathrm{Dst}_{\mathrm{min}} \leq -100~\mbox{nT}\)) occur in the regions at negative \(P_{Y}\) (relative position of the Earth trajectory from the ICME axis in the \(Y\) component of the GSE coordinate) when the eastern flanks of ICMEs encounter the Earth. We find similar statistical trends in solar wind conditions, suggesting that the dependence of geomagnetic storms on 3D ICME–Earth impact geometries is caused by asymmetric distributions of the geoeffective solar wind conditions. For western flank events, 80% (4/5) of the major storms occur in positive \(P_{Y}\) regions, while intense geoeffective solar wind conditions are not located in the positive \(P_{Y}\). These results suggest that the strength of geomagnetic storms depends on ICME–Earth impact geometries as they determine the solar wind conditions at Earth.  相似文献   

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Changes in the characteristics of atmosphere–ocean interactions over the South China Sea during summer     

Hye-Yeong Jang  Sang-Wook Yeh  Eun-Chul Chang  Baek-Min Kim 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(7-8):2311-2311

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Field investigation and analysis of ground sinking development in a metropolitan city,Seoul, Korea     

Young-Seok Jo  Seong-Ha Cho  Yeon-Soo Jang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(20):1353

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Rare earth element fingerprints in Korean coastal bay sediments: Association with provenance discrimination     

Jeongwon Kang  Han Jun Woo  Seok Jang  Kap-Sik Jeong  Hoi-Soo Jung  Ha Gi Hwang  Jun-Ho Lee  Jin Hyung Cho 《Ocean Science Journal》2016,51(3):305-316

Rare earth elements (REEs: La-Lu) in surface sediments collected from the mouth and middle tidal flats of Gomso Bay, South Korea, in August 2011 and May 2012 were analyzed to investigate the fine-grained sediment provenance. The upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized light REEs (LREEs: La to Nd) were more enriched than the middle REEs (MREEs: Sm to Dy) and heavy REEs (HREEs: Ho to Lu), resulting in large (La/Yb)_UCC (1.9 ± 0.4) to (Gd/Yb)_UCC (1.4 ± 0.2) ratios. The monthly (La/Yb)_UCC values differed between the mouth and middle tidal flats due to deposition of fine-grained sediments that originated from distant rivers (the Geum and Yeongsan) and the Jujin Stream, located on the southern shore of the inner bay. We observed relative reductions in the (La/Yb)_UCC value and REE content in the sediments from the mouth of the bay compared with those from Jujin Stream sediments. Confined to the middle tidal flat around the KH Line of Jujin Stream, the sediments, most enriched in LREEs but depleted in Eu, were distributed in August as strong Jujin Stream runs. Here, we suggest that an increase in LREE/HREE and decrease in MREE/LREE ratios can be used as a proxy to identify the Jujin Stream provenance in mixed riverine sediments and to trace Jujin Stream sediments within the Gomso Bay tidal flat, especially in the summer rainy season.  相似文献   

Thermal effects on the growth and fatty acid composition of four harmful algal bloom species: Possible implications for ichthyotoxicity     

Bonggil Hyun  Se-Jong Ju  Ah-Ra Ko  Keun-Hyung Choi  Seung Won Jung  Pung-Guk Jang  Min-Chul Jang  Chang Ho Moon  Kyoungsoon Shin 《Ocean Science Journal》2016,51(3):333-342

Little is known regarding how harmful algal bloom species respond to different temperatures in terms of fatty acid production. This study examined the effects of temperature on the growth rates, cell volumes, and fatty acid concentrations and compositions of four harmful algal bloom species (HABs), Akashiwo sanguinea, Alexandrium tamarense, Chattonella ovata, and Prorocentrum minimum. The HABs species were cultured at 15, 20, 25, and 30°C in a nutrient-enriched medium. Three of the species maintained optimal growth rates over a wide range of temperatures, but A. tamarense did not. The cell volumes of each species showed little change over the temperature range. The total fatty acid concentrations in A. sanguinea, A. tamarense and C. ovata decreased as the temperature increased, but P. minimum showed no trend in this respect. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the key biochemical components that maintain cell membrane fluidity and which are associated with toxicity, decreased in both concentration and proportion of total fatty acids as temperature increased, except in A. sanguinea, in which the proportion of PUFAs to the total fatty acids increased. These reductions in PUFA concentration and proportion could reduce cell membrane fluidity and toxicity in HABs; however, enhanced growth and/or ruptured cells, which are considered more toxic than intact cells, could compensate for the reduced per-cell toxicity. This phenomenon might impact on the marine ecosystem and aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

Probabilistic assessment of the water quality of bathing beaches on the Taiwanese coast using indicator-based geostatistics with one-dimensional cyclic coordinates     

Cheng-Shin Jang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(22):760

Because Taiwan is a subtropical island, many pleasure beaches are situated on its coast. However, according to long-term monitoring data, fecal contamination at Taiwanese coastal beaches frequently exceeds the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. To avoid public health hazards, mapping the spatial extent of this contamination is crucial. This study applied indicator kriging (IK) to probabilistically assess the water quality of bathing beaches on the Taiwanese coast. Moreover, because the discontinuity of the traditional Cartesian coordinate established on an island coastline is difficult for geostatistical estimates, this study proposed a novel kriging estimation approach to deal with this problem. First, a one-dimensional (1-D) cyclic coordinate system of the Taiwanese coast was established using primary and secondary coordinates at each beach site. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci concentrations at coastal beaches were converted into indicator variables according to the U.S. EPA guidelines. IK was then used to spatially model the occurrence probabilities that exceeded the U.S. EPA guidelines for E. coli and enterococci. Finally, the water quality of bathing beaches on the Taiwanese coast was classified on the basis of the estimated probabilities. The study results indicated that bathing on the central western, northeastern, and southeastern Taiwanese coasts poses a potential threat to human health caused by high levels of fecal contamination. Moreover, primary and secondary coordinates established at beach sites were capable of analyzing the spatial variability and kriging estimates of the 1-D cyclic coordinates along the coastline.  相似文献   

Improved amplitude preservation for prestack depth migration by inverse scattering theory   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

Changsoo Shin  Seonghyung Jang  Dong-Joo Min 《Geophysical Prospecting》2001,49(5):592-606

A prestack reverse time-migration image is not properly scaled with increasing depth. The main reason for the image being unscaled is the geometric spreading of the wavefield arising during the back-propagation of the measured data and the generation of the forward-modelled wavefields. This unscaled image can be enhanced by multiplying the inverse of the approximate Hessian appearing in the Gauss–Newton optimization technique. However, since the approximate Hessian is usually too expensive to compute for the general geological model, it can be used only for the simple background velocity model.We show that the pseudo-Hessian matrix can be used as a substitute for the approximate Hessian to enhance the faint images appearing at a later time in the 2D prestack reverse time-migration sections. We can construct the pseudo-Hessian matrix using the forward-modelled wavefields (which are used as virtual sources in the reverse time migration), by exploiting the uncorrelated structure of the forward-modelled wavefields and the impulse response function for the estimated diagonal of the approximate Hessian. Although it is also impossible to calculate directly the inverse of the pseudo-Hessian, when using the reciprocal of the pseudo-Hessian we can easily obtain the inverse of the pseudo-Hessian. As examples supporting our assertion, we present the results obtained by applying our method to 2D synthetic and real data collected on the Korean continental shelf.  相似文献